Depending on the raw water quality and user requirements, the process and structural composition of water treatment equipment can be divided into three steps: Pretreatment System, Desalination, and polishing Section.
One、Pretreatment System
Including sand filtration, multimedia filtration, softening, chlorination, pH adjustment, activated carbon filtration, degasification, etc.Filtration removes particles of 1–20 µm in size; softening and pH adjustment prevent scaling on reverse osmosis membranes; chlorination is for disinfection. Activated carbon filtration removes organic matters and free chlorine; degasification removes dissolved CO₂ and other gases.
Two、Desalination
Including electrodialysis , reverse osmosis system, and ion exchange.The principle of electrodialysis is based on the selective permeation of ions through cation and anion exchange membranes under an external DC electric field, achieving a desalination rate of over 95%.Reverse osmosis system is the reverse process of osmosis. By applying pressure on the concentrated solution side, the solvent is forced to permeate through the semipermeable membrane from the concentrated side to the dilute side in the opposite direction of natural osmosis. It can achieve a desalination rate of up to 98% and remove 99% of bacterial particles and dissolved organic matters in water.The principle of ion exchange is as follows: when water passes through a cation exchange resin, the cations in the water are adsorbed by the resin, and the exchangeable cations (such as H⁺ ions) on the resin are displaced into the water, where they combine with the anions in the water to form the corresponding inorganic acids. This water, now containing inorganic acids (i.e., ultrapure water), then passes through an anion exchange resin layer, where the anions in the water are adsorbed by the resin, and the exchangeable anions (such as OH⁻ ions) on the resin are displaced into the water, combining with the H⁺ ions to form water molecules, thus producing ultrapure water.
Three、Polishing Section
Including ultraviolet disinfection, terminal membrane filtration, and ultrafiltration.Ultraviolet disinfection/sterilization operates on the principle that UV light energy is absorbed by the nucleic acids of microorganisms, causing alterations to the molecular structure of the nucleic acids and impairing their biological function, which ultimately leads to the inactivation of bacteria.Various membrane filtration processes can remove particles larger than 0.2 microns in diameter, but they are less effective in removing organic matters compared to reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration.The membrane pore size is in the range of 10–200 Å, the membrane thickness is 0.1–0.5 µm, and the membrane is attached to the inner wall of a hollow fiber support. Ultrafiltration (UF) can remove bacteria and particles as small as 0.05 µm.
Four、Process Characteristics of Water Treatment Equipment
1.By utilizing automatic control technology, the system achieves fully automatic operation, automatic timed flushing, and automatic shutdown under low-water and full-water conditions, etc.
2.Multiple protection functions provide self-locking protection and trigger an alarm under adverse conditions such as low water pressure (water shortage) and high pressure.
3.Fault self-diagnosis and troubleshooting assistance functions, along with multiple contingency plans to ensure equipment operation.
4.Multiple functions provide online monitoring of inlet water quality, pressure, flow rate, etc.
5.Pretreatment manual/automatic flushing to prevent membrane fouling and microbial growth.
6.Equipment self-maintenance and automatic flushing function for the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane
7.Automatic overpressure relief device for mixed bed system
8.Professional, standardized, and large-scale manufacturing of equipment ensures high quality and competitive pricing.